Ruben Zargaryan:

Karabakh people hold the key to conflict resolution

PanARMENIAN.Net - The Nagorno Karabakh problem doesn't lose urgency in 2009. Despite optimistic statements by the international mediators, its resolution is still a long way off. The regional visit of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-chairs and the impending meeting of the Armenian and Azerbaijani Presidents in Davos do not promise a breakthrough. PanARMENIAN.Net requested Ruben Zargaryan, historian and adviser to Foreign Minister of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic, to comment on the current situation.
   
Some forces in Yerevan say that the key to the Nagorno Karabakh conflict is in the hands of world powers. How would you comment this statement?
 
Unfortunately, such statements demonstrate disbelief and lack of professionalism in analysis of global political processes. The history of Armenia has shown that confidence in decisions of the world powers results in calamity.
 
Determination of Nagorno Karabakh's status is the exclusive right of its people, who hold the key to to their homeland. The issue has been already resolved through formation of independent Karabakh Republic.
 
The Nagorno Karabakh Republic is a state with its own national interests, the fact acknowledged by many countries. The Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty (which was later accepted as part of customary international law) signed at Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933 reads that "the political existence of the state is independent of recognition by the other states."
 
The Azerbaijani-Karabakh conflict can't be resolved without soonest recognition of NKR independence and its full-fledged participation in talks. At that, NKR recognition should be the starting point but not the final one. Upon fulfillment of these two fundamental conditions, other complicated issues such as territories, refugees and borders.
 
Independence of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic cannot be questioned. A peace agreement meeting the interests of the people of Artsakh and Azerbaijan should be signed as soon as possible.
 
To secure international recognition of Karabakh, systematic and purposeful work is needed.
 
To what extent are the Armenian leaders authorized to sign documents on behalf of NKR?
 
The most important factor is the contents of a document. Recognition of NKR independence should be the starting point, I repeat. Azerbaijan is using the current format with a purpose to present Armenia as an aggressor.
 
Any document loses its value if not signed by Nagorno Karabakh and is a violation of internationally recognized Nagorno Karabakh-Armenia-Azerbaijan trilateral format of talks.
 
In his New Year's speech Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev said his country "will never agree to Karabakh's independence"…
 
Such statements are made to blackmail the international community. Baku calls for resumption of war, incites armed provocations at the border, purchases armament from Ukraine, Turkey and Israel, develops bellicose rhetoric and racist anti-Armenian propaganda.    
 
Azeri leadership's regular calls for elimination of Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh conflict with the international community's values and criteria.
 
Recognition of NKR independence by Azerbaijan would put an end to the century-old hostility, prevent a new war and resolve the refugee problem. It would secure sovereignty of Azerbaijan and Nagorno Karabakh, economic reforms, civilized borders, neighborly relations and cooperation.
 
Recent statement by a Kazakh diplomat that Astana equates the principle of territories integrity with the right of nations to self-determination aroused a wave of indignation in Azeri media. Isn't it the time to produce forcible arguments against Azerbaijan's notorious territorial integrity?
 
You are right. Recognition of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic doesn't violate Azerbaijan's territorial integrity and doesn't threaten its existence. The principle of territorial integrity is not applicable to Azerbaijan by a number of reasons. Above all, Nagorno Karabakh has never been de jure part of Azerbaijan. 
 
Bogged down in continuous threats, Baku officials undermine the talks and neglect the principles of the Helsinki Final Act, including those of peaceful resolution of conflicts and non-use of force.
 
Meanwhile, the international law says that the principle of territorial integrity doesn't run counter to the right of nations to self-determination.
 
Nagorno Karabakh, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and even Kosovo proclaimed independence irrespective of the position of former mother countries, what conforms to new international approaches to democracy principles, human rights protection, ethnic peace and regional stability.
 
The Kosovo model is classified as UDI (Unilateral Declaration of Independence). I would like to emphasize that the international law doesn't have norms which oblige a self-determined state to ask for mother country's permission to secede. And last but not least, by its democratic development index, Nagorno Karabakh passes ahead of Kosovo. The same refers to Serbia and Azerbaijan. 
 
With Turkey's help, Azerbaijan spreads lies about Armenia and Artsakh. Do you think that Armenia's reaction is adequate? Many hold an opinion that Armenia lost the information war to Azerbaijan. Is it so and what should be done to change the situation?
 
Azerbaijan is methodically and aggressively polluting the international information and political filed with its illegal theses about its alleged right to make decisions on the status of Karabakh. Azerbaijan's attempts to present Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh as its lands should be stopped and condemned.

I should also mention that officials of some European countries are not aware of the conflict and do not have a considered position on the issue. 
 
It's also important to remember that Nagorno Karabakh has wider borders than the former NKAO and present-day NKR. Under the international law, Nagorno Karabakh has the right to restore its territorial integrity within its historical borders, as it was annexed to Azerbaijan by the Soviet rule in 1921. The Azeri-Karabakh conflict started in 1918 but not in 1988 as it is presented by the Azeri propaganda machine. 
 
Russia and West, from various positions, draw parallels between "uniqueness of Kosovo model" and Abkhazia and South Ossetia. They use terms like 'genocide', 'ethnic cleansing', 'humanitarian catastrophe', 'status is a factor of security'. However, they cynically hush up the ordeals that befell the people of Arstakh and the crimes the Azerbaijani government committed against the Armenians.
 
Now, it important to bring to the notion of the international community that Nagorno Karabakh is no more a conflict zone but a developing entity, attractive for investments and tourism. 

The necessity to classify the principles of the conflict settlement and introduce them into the peace process has matured. Civilized and lasting resolution of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict should base on the following principles: determination of NKR status, recognition of NKR by Azerbaijan and by the international community, restoration of NKR territorial integrity, international guarantees of NKR people security, resolution of the refugee problem in the framework of a peaceful agreement between Nagorno Karabakh and Azerbaijan.
 
 At focus
Azerbaijan admits death of 192 soldiers in Karabakh offensive

Azerbaijan admits death of 192 soldiers in Karabakh offensive Authorities said a total of 192 Azerbaijani troops were killed and 511 were wounded during Azerbaijan’s offensive.

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