On March 16, 1921 a treaty signed between Soviet Russia and Turkey stipulated the seizure of three Armenian provinces; Kars, Nakhichevan and Surmalu, in favor of Turkey and Azerbaijan. The preamble of the treaty states, "In the present Treaty by the term Turkey territories included in the National Turkish Pact of January 28, 1336 (1920), developed and proclaimed by the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies in Constantinople and communicated to the press and all States are understood."